#Terminations in crystalmaker software

The illustration shows the electric flux originating along the conductor and converging on the end of the shield.Home | SkillForge Blog | Crystal Reports вЂ“ Adding a Watermark to a Report Crystal Reports вЂ“ Adding a Watermark to a Report The electric field is no longer uniform axially along the cable, and exhibits variations in three dimensions. (Note that the 20% equipotential line is almost touching the cut-back edge of the shielding, indicating a high electrical stress level.) The removal of the insulation shielding results in a discontinuity in the axial geometry of the cable. FIELD PLOT вЂ“ NO STRESS CONTROL It reveals a high electric stress concentration at the edge of the shield.The actual length required is determined by the operating voltage, the properties of the insulating materials and the design of the termination. This is to secure a sufficient length of insulation surface to prevent breakdown along the interface between the cable insulation and the termination insulator. PREPARED CABLE - WITHOUT STRESS CONTROL In terminating a shielded cable it is necessary to remove the shield to a point some distance from the exposed conductor.The stress is accommodated in practical cables by insulation thicknesses sufficient to keep the stresses to acceptable levels. This stress increase, or concentration, is a direct result of the geometry of the conductor and shield in the cable section. The spacing of the electric flux lines and the corresponding equipotential lines is closer in the vicinity of the conductor than at the shield, indicating a higher electric stress in the insulation at the conductor. These equipotential lines intersect the flux lines at 90 degrees.

#Terminations in crystalmaker software

Computer software is the usual method used today. A common method for mapping the electric field is called вЂњfield plotting,вЂќ where equipotential lines are generated to show the percentage of voltage drop throughout an insulation system.

EQUIPOTENTIAL LINES This illustration is a field plot of the electric field in a shielded cable, showing the higher electrical stress level at the conductor.

Because of the 2 semi-conducting shields shown (the strand shield and the insulation shield), the shortest path to ground for the electric flux is equal around the entire radial section. In a continuous shielded cable the electric field is uniform along the cable axis and there is variation in the field only in a radial section.

ELECTRIC FLUX This illustration is a review of cable theory - it shows the even radial distribution of the electric field within a shielded power cable.

This is the cable area that requires electric stress control. The illustration shows the cable shield terminus (the end of the cable semi-conducting layer). STRESS CONTROL This visual introduces the primary function of a termination. The other 2 termination classifications are: IEEE Class 2 - Stress control and insulator functions only (this termination class is not in common use) IEEE Class 3 - Stress control function only (for a clean, protected environment) A seal to the external environment, and to maintain the pressure, if any, within the cable system. External leakage insulation between the high voltage conductor and ground.

Electric stress control for the cable shield terminus. IEEE CLASS 1 TERMINATION This slide summarizes the 3 main functions of the termination.TITLE SLIDE This presentation will discuss and review the basic theory and functions of medium voltage cable terminations, and the common termination products in use.This New Generation of Polymeric Terminations New Developments in Silicone Rubber Technology.Factory Assembled Quality - Reliability.Cold Shrink Design for Easier Field Installation.No (inverted) bottom seal taping required BUILT-IN TOP SEAL - Eliminates taping of top seal.BUILT-IN SEMI-CON FILLER - No silicone grease.IMPROVED HIGH-K STRESS CONTROL - ImprovedД¬orona, 60 Hz and impulse withstand performances.3Mв„ў Silicone Rubber Terminations - In use 30+ yearsДЈMв„ў QT-II Termination 3Mв„ў QT-III Termination.Silicone Insulators are inherently stable to UV due to.In the event that high-leakage current changes its state

Silicone has the ability to regenerate its hydrophobicity.

Silicone is more hydrophobic than other polymers or.

Silicone Insulators are superior to EPDM, EVA and.

Silicone Can Recover Its HydrophobicityД¬ooperation with Arizona State University) To reduce stress at the shield discontinuity byДЇield refraction due to different K values ofДў.

High-K (high dielectric constant) material is used De-energize and ground all electricalД¬aution: Working around energized high-voltage systems may Personnel familiar with good safety practice in handling high